The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has downgraded its economic outlook for Asia as global monetary tightening, rising inflation blamed on the war in Ukraine, and China’s sharp slowdown dampen the region’s recovery prospects.

While inflation in Asia remains subdued compared with other regions, most central banks must continue raising interest rates to ensure inflation expectations do not become de-anchored, the IMF said in its Asia-Pacific regional economic outlook report released on Friday.

“Asia’s strong economic rebound early this year is losing momentum, with a weaker-than-expected second quarter,” said Krishna Srinivasan, director of the IMF’s Asia and Pacific Department.

“Further tightening of monetary policy will be required to ensure that inflation returns to target and inflation expectations remain well anchored.”

The IMF cut Asia’s growth forecast to 4 percent this year and 4.3 percent next year, down 0.9 percent points and 0.8 points from April respectively. The slowdown follows a 6.5 percent expansion in 2021.

“As the effects of the pandemic wane, the region faces new headwinds from global financial tightening and an expected slowdown of external demand,” the report said.

Among the biggest headwinds is China’s rapid and broad-based economic slowdown blamed on strict COVID-19 lockdowns and its worsening property woes, the IMF said.

“With a growing number of property developers defaulting on their debt over the past year, the sector’s access to market financing has become increasingly challenging,” the report said.

“Risks to the banking system from the real estate sector are rising because of substantial exposure.”

The IMF expects China’s growth to slow to 3.2 percent this year, a 1.2-point downgrade from its April projection, after an 8.1 percent rise in 2021. The world’s second-largest economy is seen growing 4.4 percent next year and 4.5 percent in 2024, the IMF said.

While it expects China to gradually lift strict COVID-19 curbs next year, the IMF does not see a speedy resolution to Beijing’s real estate crisis, which it said needed to be addressed in a comprehensive way to support growth.

“One would hope that with the party congress behind us, there would be further attention being paid to policy response to these,” Srinivasan said.

“But we don’t see a quick resolution of the real estate sector (crisis) because that could take longer,” he added

As Asian emerging economies are forced to raise rates to avoid rapid capital outflows, a “judicious” use of foreign exchange intervention could help ease the burden on monetary policy in some countries, the IMF said.

“This tool could be particularly useful among Asia’s shallower foreign exchange markets” like the Philippines, or where currency mismatches on bank or corporate balance sheets heighten exchange-rate volatility risks such as in Indonesia, the IMF said.

“Foreign exchange intervention should be temporary to avoid side effects from sustained use, which may include increased risk-taking in the private sector,” it added, Aljazeera reports.